{"id":174883,"date":"2021-11-17T12:17:56","date_gmt":"2021-11-17T17:17:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/web.uri.edu\/gso\/?p=174883"},"modified":"2021-11-17T12:17:56","modified_gmt":"2021-11-17T17:17:56","slug":"uri-researchers-different-kinds-of-marine-phytoplankton-respond-differently-to-warming-ocean-temperatures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/web.uri.edu\/gso\/news\/uri-researchers-different-kinds-of-marine-phytoplankton-respond-differently-to-warming-ocean-temperatures\/","title":{"rendered":"URI researchers: Different kinds of marine phytoplankton respond differently to warming ocean temperatures"},"content":{"rendered":"
November 17, 2021<\/h5>\n

Tiny marine plants called phytoplankton are the foundation of most food webs in the ocean, and their productivity drives commercial fisheries, carbon sequestration, and healthy marine ecosystems. But little is known about how they will respond to increasing ocean temperatures resulting from the changing climate. Most climate models assume they will all respond in a similar way.<\/p>\n

But a team of researchers at the University of Rhode Island\u2019s Graduate School of Oceanography, led by former doctoral student Stephanie Anderson, has concluded that different types of phytoplankton will react differently. An examination of how four key groups of phytoplankton will respond to ocean temperatures forecast to occur between 2080 and 2100 suggests that their growth rates and distribution patterns will likely be dissimilar, resulting in significant implications for the future composition of marine communities around the globe.<\/p>\n

\u201cPhytoplankton are some of the most diverse organisms on Earth, and they fix roughly as much carbon as all the land plants in the world combined,\u201d said Anderson, now a postdoctoral researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. \u201cEvery other breath you take is generated by phytoplankton. And which ones are present affects which fish can be supported in a given region.\u201d<\/p>\n

Anderson, URI Oceanography Professor Tatiana Rynearson<\/a> and colleagues from MIT, Scripps Institute of Oceanography and Old Dominion University published the results of their research in the Nov. 5 issue of the journal Nature Communications<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis study represents a key contribution to the understanding of how phytoplankton respond to ocean warming,\u201d said Rynearson. \u201cAll climate change forecasts of marine ecosystems include a term that reflects how we think phytoplankton growth responds to temperature. In this study we\u2019ve generated new, more accurate values for the temperature-growth response that better reflect the diversity of phytoplankton in the ocean.  These new values can be used in future climate change forecasts, helping them to become more accurate. \u201c<\/p>\n

The researchers compiled temperature-related growth measurements from more than 80 existing research studies on four types of phytoplankton \u2013 diatoms, which thrive in high-nutrient regions; cyanobacteria, which dominate in the open ocean where nutrients are low; coccolithophores, which are especially important in the uptake of carbon; and dinoflagellates, which migrate vertically in the water column. They also reviewed the heat tolerance for each group and conducted a simulation of projected temperatures to determine how phytoplankton distribution and growth rates would change in different parts of the world.<\/p>\n

There\u2019s a lot of capacity to handle warming towards the poles, but that capacity drops at the equator.<\/blockquote>Stephanie Anderson<\/cite><\/div><\/section>\n

They found that each group has a different tolerance for warming.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe coccolithophores will probably face the greatest proportional growth decreases near the equator, which could potentially alter community composition there,\u201d Anderson said. \u201cThe cyanobacteria, on the other hand, are expected to face the greatest proportional growth increases at mid-latitudes, and they might expand their range poleward.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWe were surprised that our simulations predicted the greatest range shift for the cyanobacteria in the Gulf of Alaska and northeast Pacific Ocean, regions that support rich and abundant fisheries,\u201d Rynearson added. \u201cImportantly, cyanobacteria are not known to be very good fish food.\u201d<\/p>\n

The researchers said that all four phytoplankton groups are expected to increase their growth rates in cooler regions, but the degree of increase varies by group.<\/p>\n

\u201cWith all the groups, we expect their growth rates to decrease closer to the equator,\u201d Anderson said. \u201cThe equator is already the warmest region, so increasing temperatures there might push them to their limits. The temperatures there will exceed the levels they\u2019re comfortable at, which will hinder their growth.\u201d<\/p>\n

Most species can tolerate temperatures greater than those they typically face, the researchers said, but the margin between what they typically face and the level at which they cannot survive decreases the closer they get to the equator.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere\u2019s a lot of capacity to handle warming towards the poles, but that capacity drops at the equator,\u201d Anderson said.<\/p>\n

The research team also found that the dinoflagellates had the smallest change in growth rate in response to increasing temperature of all of the groups examined, and they tolerated the widest range of temperatures.<\/p>\n

\u201cTheir metabolic rates are not as likely to be affected by temperature changes as the other groups,\u201d said Anderson. \u201cWe hypothesize that it could be due to the fact that they are vertical migrants. Their ability to swim up and down exposes them to more temperatures, potentially enabling them to handle more temperature change.\u201d<\/p>\n

The implications of these results are significant. At the equator, where phytoplankton growth rates are projected to decrease as temperatures increase, the reduced biomass of phytoplankton may support fewer fish and other marine organisms.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf you\u2019re a fish and you\u2019re dependent on one type of food and that\u2019s no longer present, you might have to move with your prey to survive,\u201d Anderson said. \u201cThis could lead to shifts in food webs regionally.\u201d<\/p>\n

At higher latitudes where growth rates are predicted to increase, the higher biomass of phytoplankton may be able to support a greater number of fish, providing a boost to commercial fisheries.<\/p>\n

The study did not consider other factors that might affect phytoplankton growth rates, like nutrient or light availability, so Anderson said the implications of the study are somewhat speculative. She is now incorporating those additional factors into a new model to see how the results may change.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

New GSO research concludes that different types of phytoplankton will react differently to increasing ocean temperatures resulting from the changing climate.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2165,"featured_media":174884,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[289,2060,747,590,906],"class_list":["post-174883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-biological-oceanography","tag-climate","tag-climate-change","tag-phytoplankton","tag-tatiana-rynearson"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.uri.edu\/gso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.uri.edu\/gso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.uri.edu\/gso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web.uri.edu\/gso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2165"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web.uri.edu\/gso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=174883"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/web.uri.edu\/gso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174883\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":174889,"href":"https:\/\/web.uri.edu\/gso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174883\/revisions\/174889"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web.uri.edu\/gso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/174884"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.uri.edu\/gso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=174883"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web.uri.edu\/gso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=174883"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web.uri.edu\/gso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=174883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}