Overview

The garden is named after the College of Pharmacy’s founding dean, the late Heber W. Youngken Jr., a pioneer in the study of medicinal plants. Now, with 200 medicinal plants, 500 ornamental plants, 9 birch trees, sodded areas, walkways, benches shaped in the form of birch leaves and a translucent sculptural frieze featuring panels that depict plant life in laboratory slides, the courtyard and garden are places for research and respite from the demands of 21st century life.

The courtyard and medicinal garden are URI’s response to the state’s requirement that each building funded by taxpayers have an element of art as part of the project. The Rhode Island State Council on the Arts funded the courtyard portion of the project. A stunning example of public space that draws on nature, science and art, the site is a central piece of the health and life sciences facilities in the north district of the Kingston Campus.

A medicinal and wellness garden

Focusing on the growing role of nature in healing and wellness.               

Providing a learner-centered education where the student will have an intimate interaction with the environment of healing.

Offering a location for the campus community and the citizens of Rhode Island to learn more about the role of nature in healing and wellness.

Plant List

•   Filter Plant Family: Asteraceae, Plant Family: Bixaceae, Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Plant Family: Mrytaceae, Type: Tender/Tropical, Use: Ayurveda, Use: Modern Medicine, Use: Native American, Use: Supplement, Use: TCM, Use: Western Herbalism
• Achiote Plant Family: Bixaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Use: Ayurveda, Use: Native American, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Bixa orellana

  Source of annatto, a natural orange-red pigment. believed to be theraputic in ayurveda, used by native Central and South American tribes as a hair and body paint, a spice, and a commercial pre-industrial pigment.

• Agave AR APP Pilot, Plant Family: Asparagaceae

  Scientific Name: Agave americana

  Agave syrup is commercially produced from  agave. Most agave syrup comes from Mexico and South Africa.

• Allspice Plant Family: Mrytaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Pimenta diocia

  Important culinary spice and weak antimicrobial agent.

• Aloe AR APP Pilot, Plant Family: Ashphodelaceae, Summer Location: Bed 6, Type: Tender/Tropical, Use: Modern Medicine, Use: Traditional, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Aloe vera

  Wound healing, burns, laxative

• American Ginseng Plant Family: Araliaceae, Summer Location: Bed 14, Type: Perrenial, Use: TCM, Use: Western Herbalism

  Scientific Name: Panax quinquefolius

  Contains dammarane-type ginsenosides, or saponins, as the major biologically active constituents.

   

• American Wild Ginger Plant Family: Aristolochiaceae, Summer Location: Bed 14, Type: Perrenial, Use: Native American

  Scientific Name: Asarum canadense

  The plant contains aristolochic acid, a carcinogenic compound. The FDA warns that consumption of aristolochic acid-containing products is associated with permanent kidney damage. Native Americansused the plant as a medicinal herb to treat a number of ailments including dysentery, digestive problems, swollen breasts, coughs and colds, typhus, scarlet fever, nerves, sore throats, cramps, heaves, earaches, headaches, convulsions, asthma, tuberculosis, urinary disorders, and venereal disease.

• Apothecary Rose Plant Family: Rosaceae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Rosa gallica offinalis

  It was used by monks to prepare medicinal products from the petals in the form of ointments, oils, jellies, and powders. Since the 19th century it was an essential component of apothecary remedies.

• Atumn Crocus Plant Family: Colchicaceae, Summer Location: Bed 2, Type: Perrenial, Use: Pharmaceutical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientfic Name: Colchium autumnale

  Contains colchine, which is approved by the FDA for the treatment of gout. Narrow therapuetic index. Plants are deadly poisonous.

• Avocado Plant Family: Lauraceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Persea americana

  Rich in B vitamins and vitamin K, good content of vitamin C, vitamin E and potassium. Avocados contain phytosterols and carotenoids, such as lutein and zeaxanthin.

• Ayahuasca Plant Family: Malpighiaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Banisteriopsis caapi

  The name Ayahuasca means “vine of the soul” in Quechuan, and the shamans of the indigenous western Amazonian tribes use the plant in religious and healing ceremonies.

• Aztec Sweet Herb Plant Family: Verbenaceae, Summer Location: Bed 4, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Phyla dulcis

  Native to Mexico and central america. Used as a sweetener.

• Balsam, Chinese Plant Family: Balsamaceae, Summer Location: new in 2019, Type: Annual, Use: Western medicine, User: Chinese Medicine

  Scientific Name: Impatiens balsamina

  Plant is high in mucilage. Traditional use in TCM is to remove stagnation of chi, also used for anti itch.

  # of specimens: 2

  Source: Strictly Medicinal Seeds. Seed.

• Basil Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Annual

  Scientific Name: Ocimum basilicum 

  Basil contain large amounts of (E)-beta-caryophyllene (BCP), which might have a use in treating inflammatory bowel diseases and arthritis.

   

• Bay Laurel Plant Family: Lauraceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Laurus nobilis

  Astringent and salve.

   

• Bay Rum Tree Plant Family: Myrtaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Pimenta racemosa

  Bay rum is distilled to produce a cologne.

• Bearberry Plant Family: Ericaceae, Summer Location: Bed 13, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

  Contains the glycoside arbutin, which has antimicrobial properties and acts as a mild diuretic.

• Bindweed, Chinese Knotweed, He Shou Wu Plant Family: Polygonaceae, Summer Location: Bed 12, Type: Perrenial, Use: TCM

  Scientific Name: Polygonum multiflorum

  He Shou Wu is considered to be one of the most important herbal tonics in China. It is said to restore vitality and virility, working especially on the liver and the reproductive, urinary and circulatory systems

• Black Berry Lilly Plant Family: Iridaceae, Summer Location: Bed 2, Type: Perrenial, Use: Modern Medicine, Use: TCM, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Belamcanda chinensis

  A compound present in the rhizome inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells.

   

   

   

• Black Cohosh Plant Family: Ranunculaceae, Summer Location: Bed 14, Type: Perrenial, Use: Supplement, Use: Western Herbalism

  Scientific Name: Actaea racemosa

  Cohosh is used today mainly as a dietary supplement marketed to women as remedies for the symptoms of premenstrual tension, menopause and other gynecological problems.

• Black Datura Plant Family: Solanaceae, Summer Location: Bed 12, Type: Annual

  Scientific Name: Datura Metal

  All parts of Datura plants contain dangerous levels of highly poisonous tropane alkaloids and may be fatal if ingested.

• Black Swallowort Plant Family: Asclepiadaceae, Summer Location: Bed 9, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Cynachum louiseae

  An invasive species in the milkweed family. Has antibacterial and antifungal compounds.

   

   

   

   

• Bloodroot Plant Family: Papaveraceae, Summer Location: Bed 14, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Sanguinaria canadensis

  Blood root has been added to dentifrices to reduce plaque and treat gingivitis and periodontal disease.

• Blue Dogbane Plant Family: Apocynaceae, Summer Location: Bed 9, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Amsonia tabernaemontanta

  Used for symptomatic relief of gastrointestinal disorders. It has also been shown to be a diuretic. Caution: causes diaphoresis, and diarrhea in large doses.

• Blue Wild Indigo Plant Family: Fabaceae, Summer Location: Bed 15, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Baptisia australis

  Wild Blue Indigo was used by the Cherokees as a source of blue dye. The roots have purgative properties, and may also alleviate nausea and toothaches.

• Blueberry Plant Family: Ericaceae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Vaccinium corybosum

  High in antioxidants, good source of vitamin C and natural sugars.

• Buckwheat Plant Family: Polygonaceae, Summer Location: new in 2019, Type: Annual

  Scientific Name: Fagopyrum esculentum

  Used to improve blood flow by strengthening veins and small blood vessels; to treat varicose veins and poor circulation in the legs.

• Bupleurum Plant Family: Apiaceae, Summer Location: Bed 15, Type: Biennial, Use: TCM

  Scientific Name: Bupleurum falcatum

  Bupleurum has been used in Chinese medicine for over 2,000 years as a “liver tonic” This plant has also been found to possess antidepressant properties.

• Calendula Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 5, Type: Annual, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Calendula officinalis

  used for sore throat and mouth, cramps and cancer.

   

• Camphor Laurel Plant Family: Lauraceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific name: Cinnamomum camphora

  analgesic and antispasmotic

• Candelabra Bush Plant Family: Fabaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Senna elata

  Effective treatment for ringworm and fungal infections of the skin. A poultice is made from the fresh leaves and blended with vegetable oil. The active ingrediant is chrysophanic acid. Also has laxative effects from the anthraquione content.

   

• Canna Lilly Plant family: Cannaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Canna sp.

  Cannas are originally from South America. Their starchy tubers are edible, can be eaten by people and livestock or used to produce noodles or fermented into alcohol. The leaves can be used to make paper and the seeds produce can produce a purple dye.

• Cardamom Plant family: Zingiberaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Use: Ayurveda, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Elettaria cardamommum

  Cooking spice. Used in Ayuvedic medicine to calm an upset stomach

   

• Cardinal Flower Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: new in 2019, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Lobelia cardinalis

  The Iroquois had many medicinal uses for cardinal flower. The root was boiled together with the root of Cichorium intybus and the liquid was used to treat fever sores.

• Carnation Plant Family: Caryophyllaceaea, Summer Location: Bed 11, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Dianthus caraphyllus

  Clove-scented flowers were once used to flavor ales and wines, especially celebration cups at coronations, hence its name “carnation”.

• Carob Plant Family: Fabaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific name: Ceratonia Siliqu

  infantile diarrhea, emulsifier

• Cascara Buckthorn Plant Family: Rhamnaceae, Summer Location: Bed 15, Type: Perrenial, Use: Native American

  Scientific Name: Rhamnus purshiana

  The dried bark of cascara has been used for centuries as an herbal laxative first by Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest, and then later by European/U.S. colonizers.

• Castor Bean AR APP Pilot, Plant Family: Euphorbiaceae, Summer Location: Bed 12, Type: Annual

  Scientific name: Ricinus communis

  Castor oil is a laxative that has been used for over 2,000 years. The oil is also an industrial lubricant. The seed coat contains the potent poison Ricin.

• Century Plant Plant Family: Asparagaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Agave americana

  syrup is a low glycemic index sweetener, used to produce tequila and mezcal

   

• Chacruna Plant Family: Rubiaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Psyhotria virdis

  produces psychedelic chemical dimethyltryptamine

• Chameleon Plant Plant Family: Saururaceae, Summer Location: Bed 14, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Houttuynia cordata

  yúxīng cǎo; literally fishy smell herb. Recent studies suggest it may have anit obesity properties.

• Chamomile Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 7, Type: Perrenial, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Chamaemelum nobile

  contains apigenin with antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties. Reduces pepsin secretion wihtou altering secretion of stomach acid

  # of Specimen: 3

• Chaste Tree Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific name: Vitex agnus-castus

  Clinical studies have demonstrated the effectivness of the standardised extract in the management of PMS

   

   

• Chinese Chives Plant Family: Amarylidaceae, Summer Location: Bed 3, Type: Perrenial, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Allium tuberosum

  Used for flavoring like garlic. And it supports digestion.

  # of specimen: 26

   

• Chinese Fan Palm Plant Family: Arecaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Livistonia chinesis

  The fruits of the Chinese fan palm have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine as an anticancer agent. Phenolic compounds in the seeds and fruits have antibacterial effects due to their astringent properties. 

• Chinese Motherwort Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 15, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Leonurus japonicus

  Used in TCM where it is called yìmǔcǎo 益母草

   

• Chives Plant Family: Amarylidaceae, Summer Location: Bed 3, Type: Perrenial, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Allium schoenoprasum

  Similar to garlic. Contains organosulfur compounds.

  # of Specimens: 22

• Chocolate AR APP Pilot, Plant Family: Asteraceae

  Scienitfic Name: Eupatorium rugosum

  The common name boneset apparently derives from the plant’s historical use in treating dengue fever (which is also known as breakbone).

   

   

• Chocolate Boneset “Chocolate” Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 5, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific name: Eupatorium rugosum

  Treats dengue fever.

  # of Specimens: 4

• Cinnamon Plant Family: Lauraceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Cinnamomum verum

  bark used for GI upset

  # of Specimens: 2

• Clary Sage Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Salvia sclarea

  Descriptions of medicinal use of the plant goes back to the writings of Theophrastus ,Dioscorides and Pliny the Elder

• Coffee AR APP Pilot, Plant Family: Rubiaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Coffea arabica

  Coffea arabica is believed to be the first species of coffee to be cultivated, being grown in southwest Ethiopia for well over 1,000 years. Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant worldwide.

• Coltsfoot Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 8, Type: Perrenial, Use: Supplement

  Scientific Name: Tussilago farfara

  Contains Pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Some studies have suggested that long-term use of this supplement may cause severe side effects such as liver damage or cancer

• Comfrey Plant Family: Boraginaceae, Summer Location: Bed 9, Type: Perrenial, Use: Western Herbalism, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Symphytum officinale

  Has toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids that damage the liver and can lead to death. Comfrey is no longer sold in the U.S., except in creams or ointments.

• Common Boneset Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 5, Type: Perrenial, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Eupatorium perfoliatum

  Reduces fever, increases urine output, causes vomiting, and treats constipation.

• Common Gromwell Plant Family: Boraginaceae, Summer Location: Bed 9, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific name: Lithospermum officinale

  The mature seeds have diuretic, lithontripic and oxytocic properties

• Common guava Plant Family: Mrytaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Psidium guajava

  Antioxidant

• Common Horehound Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Marrubium vulgare

  A 2012 study found marrubiin, one of the primary active compounds found in horehound, to possess “antidiabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory

• Cornish Bellflower Plant Family: Campanulaceae, Summer Location: Bed 12, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Campanula alliariifolia

  Leaves used in salads

• Costmary Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 7, Type: Perrenial, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific name: Tanacetum balsamita

  keeps moths away due to camphor content

• Cotton Rose Plant Family: Malvaceae, Summer Location: Bed 13, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Hibiscus mutabilis

  Cotton rose is used as an anti-inflammatory, and the flowers can be applied to burns, swelling, and other skin ailments

• Cowslip Primrose Plant Family: Primulaceae, Summer Location: Bed 13, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Primula veris

  Currently used as a decongestant in respiratory infections. Soothes coughs, colds, laryngitis, and bronchitis

• Cranberry Plant Family: Ericaceae, Summer Location: Bed 13, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Vaccinium macrocarpon

  Cranberry is best known for preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs), commonly caused by bacteria known as Escherichia coli (E. coli)

• Creeping Buttercup Plant Family: Ranunculaceae, Summer Location: Bed 14, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Ranunculus repens

  A poultice of the chewed leaves has been used in the treatment of sores, muscular aches and rheumatic pains

• Cuban Oregano Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 13, Type: Tender/Tropical, Use: Ayurveda, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Plectranthus aboinicus

  Used Ayurveda medicine for skin ulcerations, skin allergy, wounds, with emphasis on the leaves being used as a hepatoprotective, to promote liver health.

• Cultivated Licorice Plant Family: Fabaceae, Summer Location: Bed 15, Type: Tender/Tropical, Use: Herbalism, Use: TCM, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Glycyrrhiza glabra

  Common flavor additive in food, beverages, and tobacco. It has been used to treat gastrointestinal conditions such as gastric ulcers, chronic gastritis and dyspepsia.

• Custard Apple Plant Family: Annonaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Annona reticulata

  Custard apple has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic properties. It has also been used to treat worm infection

• Dandelion Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 5, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Taraxacum officinale

  used as a bitter digestive, and is high in vitamins and minerals

• Derris Plant Family: Fabaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Derris elliptica

  The root of Derris contains rotenone, which is a powerful insecticide. It can also be applied topically to abscesses.

• Don Quai Plant Family: Apiaceae, Summer Location: Bed 15, Type: Biennial, Use: TCM

  Scientific Name: Angelica sinensis

  Considered a female ginseng, Chinese Angelica is used in TCM for a range of conditions including women’s health.

• Dotted Wild Coffee Plant Family: Rubiaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Psychotria punctata

  The genus Psychotria are sources of indole, monoterpene indole, quinoline and isoquinoline alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, the psychedelic chemical dimethyltrytamine and cyclic peptides with biological activity (cytotoxicity, analgesics, antivirals, antifungals and modulators.

• Dragon Fruit Plant Family: Cactaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Hyslocereus sp.

  The red fleshed fruit contains antioxidant lycopene, which helps protect against cell damage. Contains many more antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are helpful for the body. 

• Drumstick Tree Plant Family: Moringaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Moringa oleifera

  Many parts of the drumstick tree (flowers, seeds, leaves, bark, roots) are used medicinally. It is rich in polyphenols, and has anti-septic properties.

• Dwarf Cavendish Banana Tree Plant Family: Musaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Musa acuminata

  Source of potassium. Smaller version of the larger banana trees allowing it to be a house plant. 

• Echinacea Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 7, Type: Perrenial, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Echinacea purpurea

  Reduces cold symptoms. Also contains antioxidants and properties that are anti-inflammatory. Echinacea also has been known to help reduce anxiety, lower blood pressure, and help fight against cancer.

• Elderberry Plant Family: Adoxaceae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Sambucuc nigra

  Anthocyanidins, the flavonoids in ripe berries have antiviral and immune modulating effects

• Elecampane Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 8, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Inula helenium

  Besides the storage polysaccharide inulin (C6H12O6[C6H10O5]n), a polymer of fructose, the root contains helenin (C15H20O2), a stearoptene, which may be prepared in white acicular crystals, insoluble in water, but freely soluble in alcohol.

• Epazote Plant Family: Amarantaceae, Summer Location: Bed 13, Type: Annual

  Scientific Name: Dysphania ambrosiodes

  Used to treat worm infections, also used as a leaf vegetable, herb, and herbal tea.

• Ephedra Ma Huang AR APP Pilot, Plant Family: Ephedraceae, Summer Location: Bed 3, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Ephedra sinica

  Used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat asthma or bronchitis.

• Eucalyptus Plant Family: Mrytaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Eucalyptus globulus

  Antibacterial, intiinflammatory properties.

   

   

• European Wild Ginger Plant Family: Aristolochiaceae, Summer Location: Bed 14, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Asarum europaeum

  Poisonous in large doses. Diuretic, emetic, purgative and cathartic.

• Evening Primrose Plant Family: Onagraceae, Summer Location: Bed 12, Type: Biennial

  Scientific Name: Oenothera biennis

  Evening Primrose Oil has been shown to slightly reduce blood pressure.

• False Hellebore Plant Family: Melanthiaceae, Summer Location: Bed 3, Type: Biennial, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Veratrum viride

  Contains highly toxic steriod ester alkaloids.

• Fennel Plant Family: Apiaceae, Summer Location: Bed 15, Type: Annual

  Scientific Name: Foeniculum vulgare

  The essence of fennel can be used as a safe and effective herbal drug for primary dysmenorrhea.

• Fig Plant Family: Moraceae, Summer Location: Bed 13, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Ficus carica

  Figs are used for their mild, laxative action, and are employed in the preparation of laxative confections and syrups.

• Flax Plant Family: Linaceae, Summer Location: Bed 16, Type: Annual, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Linum usitatissimum

  Flax seed contains omega-3 essential fatty acids, that have been shown to have heart-healthy effects. Flax seed contains both the soluble and insoluble types of fiber.

• Forrest Redgum Plant Family: Myrtaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Eucalyptus teneticornis

  Used in production of cineole based eucalyptus oil.

• Foxglove Plant Family: Plantaginaceae, Summer Location: Bed 11, Type: Perrenial, Use: Pharmaceutical

  Scientific Name: Digitalis purpurea

  Due to the presence of the cardiac glycoside digoxin, the leaves, flowers and seeds of this plant are all poisonous to humans and some animals and can be fatal if eaten. Typically used to treat heart failure and irregular heart rhythm.  

• Frangipani Plant Family: Apocynaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Plumeria sp.

  Irritates eyes and skin. Contains antioxidants and can be used as a stress reliever. 

• Fuki Giant Butterbur Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 5, Type: Perrenial, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Petasites japonicus

  For fever, spasms, and lung disease.

• Fullers Teasel Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 8, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Dipsacus sativus

  The Fuller’s Teasel was formerly widely used in textile processing, providing a natural comb for cleaning, aligning and raising the nap on wool. Topically used for small wounds, fistulae, psoriasis, and as a rub for arthritis.

• Galangal Plant family: Zingiberaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Alpinia galangal

  Treats stomach ailments and skin infections. 

• Garlic Plant Family: Amarylidaceae, Summer Location: Bed 3, Type: Annual, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Allium sativum

  Central Asia, Leaves and bulbs of plants are applied to insect bites and cuts.

• Ginkgo Plant Family: Ginkgoaceae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Gingko biloba

  Used for memory disorders, including Alzheimer’s.

• Globe Centaurea Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 8, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Centaurea macrocephala

  Many species of Centaurea have been used historically to treat diabetes, hypertension, diarrhea, and malaria.

   

• Goji Berry Plant Family: Solanaceae, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Lycium barbarum

  Lycium is used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation, skin irritation, and nose bleeds.

• Goldenseal Plant Family: Ranunculaceae, Summer Location: Bed 14, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Hydrastis canadensis

  Contains the isoquinoline alkaloids: hydrastine, berberine, berberastine, hydrastinine, tetrahydroberberastine, canadine, and canalidine.

• Gotu Kola Plant Family: Mackinlayoideae, Summer Location: Bed 15, Type: Annual, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Centella asiatica

  Wound healing, used as a tonic herb to promote brain function.

• Great Blue Lobelia Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 8, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Lobelia siphilitica

  At one time the root of this plant was believed to be effective in the treatment of syphilis.

• Greater Burdock Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 15, Type: Perrenial, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Arctium lappa

  Roots are used to promote healthy hair and skin.

• Greater Burnet Plant Family: Rosaceae, Summer Location: Bed 15, Type: Perrenial, Use: Western Herbalism

  Scientific Name: Sanguisorba officinalis

  Great Burnet is an agent typically used during menopause, to relieve symptoms including heavy menstrual flow, hot flashes, and irregular flow. It can also be used to treat gastrointestinal issues such as ulcerative colitis, diarrhea, and hemorrhoids.

   

• Greater Celadine Plant Family: Papaveraceae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Chelidonium majus 

  Contains a range of isoquinoline alkaloids.

• Grecian Foxglove Plant Family: Plantaginaceae, Summer Location: Bed 11, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Digitalis lanata

  The leaves have cardiac, and diuretic properties.

• Greek Oregano Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Perrenial, Use: TWM

  Scientific Name: Salvia fructiocsa 

  Grown commercially for essential oil content. Used in traditional Muslim ceremonies and burned as incense.

• Gum Arabic AR APP Pilot, Plant Family: Fabaceae

  Scientific Name: Vachellia nilotica 

  Used to provide a soothing coating for inflammations in the respiratory, and urinary tracts.

• Hardy Rubber Tree Pant Family: Eucommiaceae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Eucommia ulmoides

  It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in Chinese herbology, where it is called dùzhòng (Chinese: 杜仲).

• Hawthorne, Winter King Plant Family: Rosaceae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Perrenial, Use: Supplement, Use: Western Herbalism

  Scientific Name: Crataegus viridis

  Has been employed as a vasodilator for cardiac conditions.

• Henna Plant Family: Lythraceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Lawsonia inermis

  Most commonly used as a dye for hair, skin, or clothing, Henna is also used in Ayurveda and Unani for sore throats and gastrointestinal problems.

• Hibiscus Plant Family: Malvaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Use: Ayurveda, Use: TCM, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 

  Used for both ceremonial uses and in a variety of TCM treatments said to have properties of anti inflammatory, arrest coughing, suppress coughing, improve steatosis of liver, regulate menses.

• Hops Plant Family: Cannabaceae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Humulus lupulus

  Fragrant flower cones (hops) impart bitterness and flavor, and also have preservative qualities. The extract is antimicrobial, which makes it useful for making natural deodorant.

• Horny Goat Weed Plant Family: Berberidaceae, Summer Location: Bed 14, Type: Perrenial, Use: Ayurveda, Use: TCM

  Scientific Name: Epimedium grandiflorum

  Used for men’s sexual health. 

• Horseradish Plant Family: Brassicaceae, Summer Location: Bed 12, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Amoracia rusticana

  The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP), found in the plant, is used extensively in molecular biology and biochemistry primarily for its ability to amplify a weak signal and increase detectability of a target molecule. Leaf and root were used extensively for medicine in the middle ages, and continue to be employed in folk medicine. When cut or grated enzymes from the now-broken plant cells break down sinigrin (a glucosinolate) to produce allyl isothiocyanate (mustard oil), which irritates the mucous membranes of the sinuses and eyes.

• Hyssop Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10

  Scientific Name: Hyssop officinalis

  Has expectorant, and cough suppressant properties.

• Iboza, Ginger Bush Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Use: Zulu, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Tetradenia riparia

  Traditional Zulu uses of the leaves are mainly for respiratory complaints, malaria, dengue fever, flu, and diarrhea, and also as an inhalant for headaches.

• Indian Snakeroot AR APP Pilot, Plant Family: Apocynaceae, Summer Location: Bed 8, Type: Tender/Tropical, Use: Ayurveda, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Rauvolfia serpentina

  Reserpine is an alkaloid first isolated from R. serpentina and was widely used as an antihypertensive drug.

• Japanese Barberry Plant Family: Berberidaceae, Summer Location: Bed 14, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Berberis thunbergii

  Contains berberine which has been used as an effective antiseptic. It is also being researched for its use in diabetes mellitus, cancer and depression.

• Japanese Box Plant Family: Buxaceae, Summer Location: Bed 15, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Buxus microphylla

  Some studies show the Buxus microphylla leaf extract has a antihyperlipidemia effect.

   

• Japanese Cornel, Shan Zhu Yu Plant Family: Cornaceae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Cornus officinalis

  Shan Zhu Yu has been used for at least 2,000 years in Chinese herbal medicine. It is a herb that “stabilizes and binds” and is used principally to reduce heavy menstrual bleeding.

• Japanese Knotweed Plant Family: Polygonaceae, Summer Location: Bed 12, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Fallopia japonica variegata

  Knotweed contains resveratrol in the roots. Also being investigated as treatment for Lyme.

• Japanese Mugwort Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 8, Type: Perrenial, Use: TCM, Use: Western Herbalism

  Scientific Name: Artemisia princeps

  Used in TCM and Western Herbalism for sleep and dreaming.

   

   

• Japanese Pepper Tree Plant Family: Rutaceae, Summer Location: Bed 15

  Scientific Name: Zanthoxylum piperitum

  The fruit contains a essential oil, flavonoids and isoquinoline alkaloids.

   

• Jasmine Plant Family: Oleaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Jasminum officinae

  Used in dermatology as an antiseptic or anti-inflammatory agent. Has been used as a folk remedy in Southern China for the treatment of Hepatitis.

• Jujube Plant Family: Rhamnaceae

  Scientific Name: Ziziphus jujuba

  Used in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine, jujube fruit helps relieve stress, and is used as a sedative, antispastic, and antioxidant.

• Juniper, Chinese Location: Landscape, Plant Family: Cupressaceae

  Scientific Name: Juniperus chinensis ‘Seagreen’

  Juniper berry is often used as a condiment and a flavoring ingredient in gin and bitter preparations. The extract and essential oil are used as a flavoring ingredient in foods and beverages.

• Kaffir lime Plant Family: Rutaceae

  Scientific Name: Citrus hystrix

  Juice and rind used in traditional medicine in Asia.

• Kava Kava AR APP Pilot, Plant Family: Fabaceae

  Scientific Name: Piper methythusticum

  The active components called kavalactones are found mostly in the root and rhizome. The kavalactones are thought to help decrease anxiety and relax muscles

• Korean Bellflower Plant Family: Campanulaceae, Summer Location: Bed 9, Type: Perrenial, Use: TCM

  Scientific Name: Platycodon grandiflorus

  The root of this species is used extensively as an anti- inflammatory in the treatment of coughs and colds. 

• Lamb’s Ear Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Stachys byzantina 

  Preliminary phytochemical studies showed that the aerial parts of the genus Stachys contain flavonoids. Flavonoids may be responsible for some antibacterial activity.

• Lavender Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10

  Scientific Name: Lavandula angustifolia

  Wildly cultivated for ornamental, culinary, and essential oil production. Essential oil has antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and insecticial properties.

• Lemon Balm Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Melissa officinalis

  Lemon balm has been used for anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, bloating, colic, and for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

• Lemon Catnip Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10

  Scientific Name: Nepeta cataria var. citriodora

  Contains the essential oil terpenoid nepetalactone.

• Lemon Thyme Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Thymus citriodorus

  The leaves and essential oils of lemon thyme have been used in antiseptics, asthma and respiratory aromatherapy, deodorants, and disinfectants.

• Lemon Verbena Plant Family: Verbenaceae, Summer Location: Bed 16, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Aloysia triphylla

  Used for digestive disorders, agitation, insomnia, asthma, cold, fever, flatulence, colic, skin conditions, chills, and constipation.

   

• Lemongrass Plant Family: Poaceae, Summer Location: Bed 3, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Cymbopogon citratus

  Treats digestive tract, spasms, and stomach aches.

   

   

• Lilly of the Valley Plant Family: Asparagaceae, Summer Location: Bed 4, Type: Perrenial, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Convallaria majalis

  Toxic. Limited medicinal use.

• Lily turf Location: Landscape, Plant Family: Ruscaceae, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Liriope muscari

  Used as a tonic in Korea. The root is anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, aphrodisiac, pectoral and stimulant.

• Loquat Plant Family: Rosaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Eriobotrya japonica

  Soothes throat.

• Lotus Plant Family: Nelumbonaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Perrenial, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Nelumbo nucifera

  The stamens can be dried and made into a herbal tea called liánhuā cha (蓮花茶). 

• Lovage Plant Family: Apiaceae, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Levisticum officinale

  Has a flavor similar to celery and used for indigestion, heartburn, stomach distention, Its principal constituents are lactone derivatives known as phthalides.

• Lungwort Plant Family: Boraginaceae, Summer Location: Bed 9, Type: Perrenial, Use: Pharmaceutical

  Scientific Name: Pulmonaria officinalis

  The plant has been cultivated for centuries as a medicinal herb, the ovate spotted leaves held to be representative of diseased lungs, following the Doctrine of Signatures. In fact it is useful in the treatment of chest diseases and asthma.

• Madagascar Periwinkle AR APP Pilot, Plant Family: Apocynaceae, Type: Annual

  Scientific Name: Catharanthus roseus 

  Source of vincristine and vinblastine, anticancer drugs used in the treatment of leukemia and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Can be dangerous if consumed.

• Manna Ash Plant Family: Oleaceae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Fraxinus ornus

  The manna obtained from the trunk is used as a gentle laxative.

   

• Marigold Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 5, Type: Annual, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Tagetes

  Treats burns and swollen bug bites.

• Marshmallow Plant Family: Malvaceae, Summer Location: Bed 12, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Althaea officinalis

  Traditionally used as relief for irritation of mucous membranes, including use as a gargle for mouth and throat ulcers and gastric ulcers.

• Maryland Senna Plant Family: Fabaceae, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Senna marilandica

  Effective cathartic.

• Mayapple Plant Family: Berberidaceae, Summer Location: Bed 14, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Podophyllum peltatum

  Contains podophyllotoxin, which is used topically to treat genital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). The entire plant, except for the fruit, is poisonous.

• Meadowsweet Plant Family: Rosaceae, Summer Location: Bed 16, Type: Biennial

  Scientific Name: Filipendula ulmaria

  Meadowsweet has historically been used in traditional medicine to treat symptoms of the common cold, stomach complaints, and inflammatory conditions. Original botanical source that lead to synthesis of Aspirin.

• Meyer lemon Plant Family: Rutaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Cituru x myeri

  Lowers risk of kidney stones.

• Milk Thistle Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: new in 2019, Type: Biennial, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Silybum marianum

  Research suggests that milk thistle extracts both prevent and repair damage to the liver from toluene and/or xylene.

• Milkweed Plant Family: Asclepiadaceae, Summer Location: Bed 9, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Asclepias syriaca

  Milkweed oil from the seeds can be easily converted into cinnamic acid, which can be used as a sunscreen. Also used as a vegetable by Native Americans.

• Mint Shrub Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Elsholtzia stauntonii

  Originally from Northern China, mint shrub has antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties.

• Monarda Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Monarda didyma

  The leaves and flowering stems are antihelmintic, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, rubefacient and stimulant.

• Monkshood Plant Family: Ranunculaceae, Summer Location: Bed 14, Type: Perrenial, Use: Traditional

  Scientific Name: Aconitum napellus

  Aconite is well known for its extreme toxicity. The tuberous root is used in traditional medicine, although all parts of the plant are considered to be toxic.

• Moonshine Yarrow Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 8, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Achillea clypeolata x Achillea ‘Tagetea’

  Moonshine yarrow is used topically to help heal wounds such as cuts or abrasions.

   

   

• Morning Glory Plant Family: Convolvulaceae, Sumer Location: Bed 1, Type: Annual, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Ipomoea purpurea

  Contains alkaloid ergine.

• Mountain Mint Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Pycnanthemum virginianum

  A tea made from the leaves is alterative, diaphoretic and carminative.

• Mulberry Plant Family: Rubiaceae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Perrenial, Use: TCM

  Scientific Name: Morinda officinalis

  Mulberry leaf is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).

• Mullein Plant Family: Scrophulariaceae, Summer Location: Bed 9, Type: Biennial

  Scientific Name: Verbascum thapsus

  Used since ancient times as a remedy for skin, throat and breathing ailments.

• Nasturtiums Plant Family: Tropaeolaceae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Annual

  Scientific Name: Tropaeolum majus

  Nasturtiums have been used in herbal medicine for their antiseptic and expectorant qualities.

• Oats Plant Family: Poaceae, Summer Location: new in 2019, Type: Annual, Use: Cosmetic, Use: Western Herbalism

  Scientific Name: Avena sativa

  Oat extract is used to soothe skin conditions. It is the principal ingredient for the Aveeno line of products. Immature flower heads used in herbal tea as “milky oats.”

   

• Olive tree Plant Family: Oleaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Olea europaea 

  Can prevent heart attacks and strokes.

• Oregon Grape Plant Family: Berberidaceae, Summer Location: Bed 14, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Mahonia aquifolium

  Contain the alkaloid berberine, known as an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial used in the treatment of infection.

• Orris Root Plant Family: Iridaceae, Summer Location: Bed 4, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Iris germanica

  Used in perfumes when root is dried.

• Palmarosa Plant Family: Poaceae, Summer Location: Bed 4, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Cymbopogon martinii

  Used as an essential oil.

• Papaya AR APP Pilot, Plant Family: Caricaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Carica papaya

  Used for tenderizing meat.

• Papyrus Plant Family: Cyperaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Cyperus papyrus

  Papyrus sedge it is the source of papyrus paper, one of the first types of paper ever made. Parts of the plant can be eaten, and the highly buoyant stems can be made into boats.

• Parsley Plant Family: Apiaceae, Summer Location: Bed 15, Type: Biennial

  Scientific Name: Petroselium crispum

  Parsley is a source of antioxidants (especially luteolin), apigenin, folic acid, vitamin K, vitamin C, and vitamin A.

• Passionflower Location: Building, Plant Family: Passifloraceae, Type: Tender/Tropical

  Scientific Name: Passiflora incarnata

  Used as a mild sedative, to treat anxiety and insomnia. GRAS in the US and approved as a food flavoring, but not as an over-the-counter sedative.

• Patchouli Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 16, Type: Tender/Tropical

  Scientific Name: Pogostemon cablin

  TCM used to treat headaches, colds, nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal troubles.

   

• Patrinina Plant Family: Valerianaceae, Summer Location: Bed 9, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Patrinia scabiosifolia

  Triterpenic glycosides and has been shown to stimulate the liver into producing drug-metabolizing enzymes.

• Pelican Flower Location: Building, Plant Family: Aristolochiaceae, Type: Tender/Tropical

  Scientific Name: Aristolochia gigantea

  Aristolochic acid has been shown to be both a potent carcinogen and kidney toxin. The flower is fly pollinated and emits and odor of rotting meat.

• Peony Plant Family: Paeoniaceae, Summer Location: Bed 12

  Scientific Name: Paeonia officinalis

  Antispasmodic. It is typically used in the treatment of various epileptic disorders as well as muscle cramps.

• Perilla Shiso Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Type: Annual, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Perilla fructescens

  Perilla is used for treating asthma. It is also used orally for nausea, sunstroke, inducing sweating, and as an antispasmodic.

• Pineapple Plant Family: Bromeliaceae, Summer Location: Bed 4, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Ananas comosus

  Its promelain enzyme digests food by breaking down protein.

• Plantian, Narrowleaf Plant Family: Plantaginaceae, Summer Location: Bed 12, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Plantago lanceleolata

  A tea from the leaves is used as a cough medicine. Contains phenylethanoids. Also used topically as a poltice for would healing.

• Pokeweed Plant Family: Phytolaccaceae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Phytolacca americana

  Contains potent anti-inflammatory agents, antiviral proteins and substances that affect cell division.

• Pomegranate Plant Family: Lythraceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Punica granatum

  Reduces risk of heart disease.

• Pomegrante AR APP Pilot, Plant Family: Cariceae

  Scientific Name: Punica granatum L. 

  Juice of the pomegranate may be effective in reducing heart disease risk factors, including LDL oxidation.

• Pomelo Plant Family: Rutaceae, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Citrus maxima

  Natural citus species (not a hybrid). Source of vitamin C, early treatment for scurvy an subject of one of the first clinical trials. Leaves are also used in aromatic baths and source of essential oil.

• Ponderosa Lemon Plant Family: Rutaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Citus limon x medica

  Ponderosa Lemon lowers risk of kidney stones.

• Poppy, Oriental Plant Family: Papaveraceae

  Scientific Name: Papaver orientale

  This species does not produce narcotic opiates. The young seed heads are used as a condiment, they are hot and acrid.

• Pussy Willow Plant Family: Salicaceae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Perrenial, Use: Modern Medicine, Use: Native American

  Scientific Name: Salix nigra

  Used by Native Americans to treat fever, headache and coughs. The bark contains salicin, which is converted to salicylic acid within the body.

• Raspberry Plant Family: Rosaceae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Rubus idaeus

  Red raspberry leaf is has been used for gastrointestinal tract disorders. 

• Red Foliated Cotton Plant Family: Malvaceae, Summer Location: Bed 13, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Gossypium hirsutum

  Cotton is used for nausea, fever, headache, diarrhea, dysentery, nerve pain, and bleeding.

   

• Red Maple Plant Family: Sapindaceae

  Scientific Name: Acer rubrum

  State tree of Rhode Island that is also used for the production of maple syrup and as a beverage.  Under investigation by researchers at URI for possible applications in cosmetics.  

   

• River Birch Location: Landscape, Plant Family: Betulaceae, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Betula nigra ‘heritage’

  The German Commission E Monographs, a therapeutic guide to herbal medicine, approve Betula species for infections of the urinary tract, kidney and bladder stones.

• Rosemary Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Rosmarinus officinalis

  Commonly used as a seasoning. Studies show rosemary is a good antioxidant and believed to help treatment of anxiety, stress and alopecia (hair loss).

• Rue Plant Family: Rutaceae, Summer Location: Bed 15, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Ruta graveolens

  Used to promote menstruation and uterine contractions, but is also used topically for arthritis, sprains and inflammation.

• Saffron Plant Family: Iridaceae, Summer Location: new in 2019, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Crocus sativus

  Saffron’s taste and fragrance result from the chemicals picrocrocin and safranal.

• Sage Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Salvia officinalis

  Orally, sage is used for loss of appetite, excessive perspiration, dysmenorrhea, menopausal symptoms, and hot flashes.

• Salad Burnet Plant Family: Rosaceae, Summer Location: Bed 16, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Sanguisorba minor

  Sanguisorba means “blood drink”.  It was originally used to stop internal bleeding and hemorrhages.

• Saw Palmetto Plant Family: Aracaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Serenoa repens

  Used as a supplement for prostate cancer.

• Scarlet Milkweed Plant Family: Asclepiadaceae, Summer Location: Bed 9, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Asclepias curassavica

  Stems contain a toxic milky compound resinoid (galitoxin). Several glycosides and an alkaloid have been isolated.

• Slippery Elm Plant Family: Ulmaceae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Ulmus rubra

  The thick, slightly fragrant, edible, gluelike inner bark is dried and afterwards moistened for use as a cough medicine.

• Soapwort Pant Family: Caryophyllaceae, Summer Location: Bed 11, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Saponaria officinalis

  Soapwort helps relieve respiratory inflammation. Topically, it can be used for a variety of skin-related ailments such as acne or eczema.

• Sorrel Plant Family: Polygonaceae, Summer Location: Bed 13, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Rumex acetosa

  Sorrel is used for reducing sudden and ongoing pain and swelling of the nasal passages.

• Southernwood Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 8, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Artemesia abrotanum

  Used as an air freshener due to its strong camphor-like odor. It has also been studied for its antiseptic properties in treating ailments of the liver, spleen, and stomach.

• Spearmint Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Mentha spicata

  Recent research has shown that spearmint tea may be used as a treatment for hirsutism in women.

• St John’s Wort Plant Family: Hypericaceae

  Scientific Name: Hypericum perforatum

  Hypericin and hyperforin can aid in mild depression, also used topically for skin conditions. Can interfere with prescription medications.

• Stevia AR APP Pilot, Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 4, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Stevia rebaudiana

  Used as a sweetener.

• Stinging Nettle Plant Family: Urticaceae, Summer Location: Bed 12, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Urtica dioca 

  Used to treat rheumatism and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

• Sugar Cane AR APP Pilot, Plant Family: Poaceae, Summer Location: Bed 4, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Saccharum officinarum

  Tropical/Subtropical for sugar and ethanol uses.

• Sunflower Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 4, Type: Annual, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Helianthus annuus

  Used for sunflower oil and a stringent and diuretic properties.

• Sweet Flag Plant Family: Acoraceae, Summer Location: Bed 4, Type: Perrenial, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Acorus calamus 

  Thechizome is used to alleviate stomach acidity.

• Sweet Woodruft Plant Family: Rubiaceae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Galium odoratum

  Used mainly in Germany, to flavour May wine called “Maibowle” in German.

• Swordleaf Inula Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 8, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Inula ensifolia

  Similar to Elcampagne.

• Szechuan Pepper Plant Family: Rutaceae, Summer Location: Bed 15, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Zanthoxylum acantshyllum 

  The fruit is dried and used as a condiment. A pepper flavor, it is stronger and more pungent than black pepper.

• Tansy Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 8, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Tanacetum vulgare

  Used to stimulate menstruation, alleviate migraines or as an anthelmintic. The flowers and leaves of tansy are toxic due to a compound called thujone.

• Taro Plant Family: Aracaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Colocasia esculenta

  Taro is a food staple all over the world and believed to be one of the earliest cultivated vegetables.

• Tarragon Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Tender/Tropical

  Scientific Name: Artemisia dracunculus

  Tarragon is used as a culinary herb, but also medicinally to aid digestion, water retention, and toothache.

• Tea AR APP Pilot, Plant Family: Theaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Camellia sinensis

  Leaves and leaf buds are used to produce tea. Used in traditional Chinese medicine treat asthma.

• Thyme Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Thymus vulgaris

  Thyme contains essential oil Thymol, which is used as an antiseptic in mouthwashes and all-natural hand sanitizers.

• Tibetan Rhubarb Plant Family: Polygonaceae, Summer Location: Bed 12, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Rheum officinale

  The root of rhubarb has been used to alleviate fevers, inflammatory conditions, and digestive problems. Large amounts of the leaves of the rhubarb are toxic.

• Tiger Lilly Plant Family: Lilaceae, Summer Location: Bed 2, Type: Perrenial, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Lilium lancifolium

  Treats morning sickness during pregnancy & uterine neurolagia, congestion, & irritation.

• Tobacco Plant Family: Solanaceae, Summer Location: Bed 12, Type: Annual

  Scientific Name: Nicotina tabacum

  This is cultivated tobacco and source of nicotine. Medicinally, it is used as a sedative, diuretic, expectorant, and sialagogue.

• Toothache Plant, Splanthes Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: new in 2019, Type: Tender/Tropical

  Scientific Name: Acmella oleracea

  The aerial parts contain spilanthol, which creates a numbing sensation and increases salivation when chewed.

• Tulsi Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Tender/Tropical, Use: Ayurveda, Use: Western Herbalism

  Scientific Name: Ocimum tenuiflorum sanctum

  Tulasi has been used for thousands of years in Ayurveda for its diverse healing properties, considered a tonic herb.

• Turmeric Plant family: Zingiberaceae, Summer Location: new in 2019, Type: Tender/Tropical, Use: Ayurveda, Use: Supplement

  Scientific Name: Curcuma longa

  Used in Aryuvedic medicine for treatment of indigestion and inflammatory ailments. Curcumin, a phenol derived from the plant has been the subject of numerous clinical trials for a range of diseases and is the source of the yellow coloring.

• Udo Plant Family: Araliaceae, Summer Location: Bed 15, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Aralia cordata

  Native to Japan, Korea, and eastern China. The stems can be eaten and is sometimes boiled and served in miso soup. The roots of the plant used in herbal medicines.

• Valerian Plant Family: Valerianaceae, Summer Location: Bed 9, Type: Perrenial, Use: Supplement, Use: Western Herbalism

  Scientific Name: Valeriana officinalis

  Valerian is a commonly used herb for alleviating anxiety and insomnia.

• Wall Germander Plant Family: Lamiacaeae, Summer Location: Bed 10, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Teucrium chamaedrys

  It is has been used externally as an astringent infusion on the gums and also in the treatment of wounds.

• Wild Yam Plant Family: Dioscoreaceae, Summer Location: Bed 9, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Dioscorea villosa

  Contains steroidal saponins, which can be converted through a series of chemical reactions into steroid hormones for use in contraceptives.

   

   

• Winterberry Plant Family: Aquifoliaceae, Summer Location: Hillside

  Scientific Name: Illex verticillata

  The bark has antiseptic, astringent, cathartic and tonic properties.

• Witch Hazel Plant Family: Hamamelidaceae, Summer Location: Hillside, Type: Perrenial

  Scientific Name: Hamamelis virginiana

  Has been used to relieve swelling, bleeding, itching, minor pain, and discomfort caused by minor skin irritations.

• Woad Plant Family: Brassicaceae, Summer Location: Bed 12, Use: Dye Plant

  Scientific Name: Isatis tinctoria

  Might be used to prevent cancer, as it can produce high levels of glucobrassicin. Also used as a dye plant.

• Wormwood Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 8, Summer Location: Hillside, Use: Distillation, Use: TCM, Use: Western Herbalism

  Scientific Name: Artemisia absinthium

  Wormwood is most commonly recognized as an ingredient of absinthe, as well as a flavoring agent for other alcoholic beverages. Wormwood is highly psychotropic, and also exhibits antibacterial activity.

   

• Yarrow Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 8, Use: Herbalism, Use: Native American

  Scientific Name: Achillea Millefolium

  Pawnee Indians used the stalk of this plant as treatment for pain relief. The Chippewa used the leaves in a steam inhalant for headaches.

• Yellow Coneflower Plant Family: Asteraceae, Summer Location: Bed 7, Type: Perrenial, Use: Herbalism, Use: Native American, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Ratibida pinnata 

  The Meskwaki Indians used the root as an ingredient to cure toothaches.

• Yellow Foxglove Plant Family: Plantaginaceae, Summer Location: Bed 11, Type: Perrenial, Use: Pharmaceutical, Use: Western Herbalism

  Scientific Name: Digitalis lutea

  The leaves have cardiac, and diuretic properties.

• Yellow Ginger Plant family: Zingiberaceae, Summer Location: Bed 3, Type: Tender/Tropical, Use: Ayurveda, Use: Supplement, Use: TCM, Use: Western Herbalism, Winter Location: Atrium

  Scientific Name: Hedychium flavescens

  Stimulant, tonic, antirheumatic.

• Yerba Mate Plant Family: Aquifoliaceae, Summer Location: Patio, Type: Tender/Tropical, Use: Herbalism, Use: Native American, Winter Location: Greenhouse

  Scientific Name: Ilex paraguariensis 

  Caffeine, stimulant

• Yew AR APP Pilot, Plant Famiy: Taxaceae

  Scientific Name: Taxus x media “Greenwave”

  Extracts from the bark of the Pacific and common yew are used in treatment for ovarian and breast cancer.

• Yew, ‘Greenwave’ Location: Landscape, Plant Family: Taxaceae, Type: Perrenial, Use: Modern Medicine, Use: Pharmaceutical

  Scientific name: Taxus x media ‘Greenwave’

  Extracts from the bark of the Pacific and common yew are used in treatment for ovarian and breast cancer.

About the Garden