(Collaborators: Canopus Technologies & T.Boving, URI)

High loads of natural organic matter (NOM) during stormwater events increase levels of toxic byproducts during disinfection, including trihalomethanes (THMs) which are formed when NOM is chlorinated. This study explores the efficacy of using UVC-LED as a primary disinfectant, with lower concentrations of chlorine used as a secondary disinfectant. The stand-alone UV–LED system achieved 3 log removal of Enterobacteria phage MS2. Results for both UV/ chlorine disinfection and conventional chlorination for THMs and pathogen reduction will be compared.