1. Understand the Cp-Time profile observed from extravascular drug administration 2. Understand how the absorption rate constant (ka) and the fraction of the dose  absorbed (F) influence the Cp-time profile . Understand the Flip-Flop model . Appreciate the significance of the bioavailability parameters

1. Understand the pharmacokinetic characteristics of extended drug administration 2. Appreciate how clearance and volume of distribution impact the Cp-time profile 3. Determine administration rates to achieve desired steady state concentrations 4. Gain experience determining a loading dose 5. Observe the Cp-time profile after termination of the infusion

CHARGE: Use population average PK and PD parameters to determine the initial rate of drug administration for a patient. Evaluate the potential need to modify the rate of administration when you are informed through phone calls, Emails and text messages of changes in the patient’s status.

1. Understand the Cp-Time profile observed from multiple IV doses 2. Understand the determinants of fluctuation and accumulation 3. Appreciate how Cl and Vd effect the Cp-Time profile

1. Observe Cp-Time profile associated with multiple short  intermittent infusions 2. Observe how the duration of the infusion influences the Cp-Time profile 3. Practice designing dosing regimens to achieve desired peaks and troughs

1. Understand the Cp-Time profile observed from multiple oral doses, with special emphasis on steady state 2. Appreciate the impact of the rate and extent of absorption on the Cp-time profile  3. Appreciate how the relationship between tau and t1/2 influences  fluctuation

1. Using phenytoin as an example, understand a model for capacity limited elimination 2. Observe how increases in the rate of administration affect Cp 3. Understand how Vmax and Km influence the Cp-Time profile

1. Introduce the characteristics of the Sigmoidal Emax and Emax models 2. Compare the time course of Cp and Response after a dose 3. Illustrate how pharmacodynamics can influence a drug’s duration of action 4. Illustrate the impact of the slope or sigmoidicty factor ‘n’

1. Demonstrate how an effect compartment can be linked to a PK and PD model 2. Illustrate hysteresis 3. Illustrate the importance of keo

1. Observe how the OMA can be used to assess drug efficacy in-vivo. 2. Observe how a drug’s efficacy in a system depends on the concentration of working receptors in the system. 3. Observe how the transduction ratio can be used to assess efficacy.