1. Using phenytoin as an example, understand a model for capacity limited elimination 2. Observe how increases in the rate of administration affect Cp 3. Understand how Vmax and Km influence the Cp-Time profile

1. Introduce the characteristics of the Sigmoidal Emax and Emax models 2. Compare the time course of Cp and Response after a dose 3. Illustrate how pharmacodynamics can influence a drug’s duration of action 4. Illustrate the impact of the slope or sigmoidicty factor ‘n’

1. Demonstrate how an effect compartment can be linked to a PK and PD model 2. Illustrate hysteresis 3. Illustrate the importance of keo

1. Observe how the OMA can be used to assess drug efficacy in-vivo. 2. Observe how a drug’s efficacy in a system depends on the concentration of working receptors in the system. 3. Observe how the transduction ratio can be used to assess efficacy.

1. Understand the structure of the indirect model 2. Understand the influence of model parameters on response 3. Appreciate the factors that control the onset magnitude and duration of response

1. Understand the structure of the indirect model 2. Understand the influence of model parameters on response 3. Appreciate the factors that control the onset magnitude and duration of response

1. Understand the structure of the indirect model 2. Understand the influence of model parameters on response 3. Appreciate the factors that control the onset magnitude and duration of response

1. Understand the structure of the indirect model 2. Understand the influence of model parameters on response 3. Appreciate the factors that control the onset magnitude and duration of response

1. Understand the characteristics of the transit compartment model 2. Observe how the response profile changes between compartments 3. Observe how the response is influenced by the dose 4. Observe how the response is influenced by the number of compartments and by the total mean transit time

1. Use the model for nicotine’s effect on heart rate to demonstrate how tolerance    can be modeled using a hypothetical metabolite that acts as a drug antagonist 2. Observe how the model can be used to understand the time course of     tolerance and to plan compensatory strategies to minimize drug tolerance