Safe and potent adjuvants are highly demanded to aid in development of new and improved vaccines. Due to the slow progress in developing novel chemical adjuvants, we took a different approach to develop physical radiofrequency adjuvant (RFA) to boost vaccination. RFA emits alternating electromagnetic fields in the skin surface and induce tissue stress to alert […]

Virus-like particles (VLPs) simulate natural viruses and are able to induce potent humoral and cellular immune responses. VLPs have been attractive vaccine delivery platforms due to their high immunogenicity and safety. Hepatitis b core (HBc) VLPs have been widely explored to display foreign antigens by insertion into its c/e1 loop. Yet, only small antigenic peptides […]

This project explores ablative fractional laser as a minimally invasive tool to generate skin microchannels to facilitate transcutaneous drug delivery and vaccination. Various patch systems are developed to allow powder drugs to be loaded for convenient delivery via laser-generated skin microchannels. Laser-based powder delivery takes advantage of water evaporated from skin microchannels to dissolve topical […]