Hot Water Doesn’t Hamper this Research

URI grad student Brennan Phillips investigates an unexplored underwater volcano in the Solomon Islands

Brennan Phillips prepares to launch a deep-sea camera and instrument platform he made himself. The entire package folds into a suitcase and is launched from the surface using a fishing reel, and can record images, video and water column data down to 2,000 meters.

 

 

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Kavachi typically erupts violently and can’t be approached, as in this 2002 photo. Phillips’ project caught Kavachi in a rare quiet state and his team was able to collect data and imagery directly from the peak. Photo credit: Corey Howell.

University of Rhode Island doctoral student Brennan Phillips is on the hunt for underwater volcanoes so he can collect data on the plumes of hot fluids and chemical compounds emanating from hydrothermal vents in and around the craters. It’s the subject of his dissertation, and he’s willing to travel to the ends of the earth to make new discoveries.

In January, Phillips spent two weeks in the Solomon Islands of the Western Pacific investigating the Kavachi submarine volcano, which the URI Graduate School of Oceanography student says is “known for its frequent violent eruptions that blow steam hundreds of feet into the air.” Located 15 miles off the Western Province of the island nation, the unexplored volcano has formed an island at least seven times in the last century, but waves soon erode the island away until the next big eruption.

“The closest anyone had ever gotten to the volcano before us was a couple hundred meters away, which is really dangerous, but when we got there, the water was calm and allowed us to get even closer,” said Phillips. “We worked around the main peak, which was about 24 meters below the surface, and we could see the plume of chemically altered water coming out of it.”

The submarine volcano lies 15 miles offshore and was accessed daily using small open boats. Here, collaborators from the University of Queensland prepare to deploy surface robots to measure gas exchange over the volcano’s peak.

 

Taking calculated risks to collect the data he sought, Phillips deployed instrumentation on loan from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and camera systems provided by the National Geographic Society, which funded his expedition and invited Phillips to be a guest blogger. His local guide, Corey Howell, attempted to scuba dive to the rim of the crater, but the hot water prevented him from approaching.

“What was most surprising was that fish and sharks swam right through the bubbling hot water that Corey couldn’t withstand,” Phillips said. “And in the caldera, our cameras caught images of schools of sharks, smaller fish and even jellyfish living in the hot acidic plume. This presumably toxic environment supports a whole community of life, even though every once in a while it blows up.”

No one knows how often the Kavachi volcano erupts, since it’s too far offshore for local residents to see clearly and few fishermen approach the area. But those that do travel there occasionally say it is erupting every time they are nearby.

One reason for Phillips’ intense interest in this volcano is because of concerns that mining companies may soon target the area to harvest the massive sulfide deposits on the seafloor in the vicinity. That is already happening in nearby Papua New Guinea, and he believes the Solomon Islands will be next.

“There is a precedent of exploiting natural resources in the area without protecting those resources,” Phillips explained, noting that clearcutting of forests is already underway in the Solomons. “We wanted to explore Kavachi to showcase the natural environments on the seafloor in the area to the Solomon Island government and the scientific community abroad. If we show it off before a mining company gets there, it has a better chance of being protected or managed appropriately.”

Logging in the Solomon Islands is a constant threat to both land and sea; clear-cutting forests causes massive erosional deposition in the surrounding reefs and deep-sea basins nearby. Large marine animals such as the pilot whale seen here are only beginning to feel the pressure of this major ecological and environmental change.
Logging in the Solomon Islands is a constant threat to both land and sea; clear-cutting forests causes massive erosional deposition in the surrounding reefs and deep-sea basins nearby. Large marine animals such as the pilot whale seen here are only beginning to feel the pressure of this major ecological and environmental change.

Phillips’ URI colleague Alex DeCiccio ’10 videotaped the entire expedition and collected stories from local villagers, as well as images of a massive logging ship that arrived at the village to begin extracting trees.

“We went way farther than I expected with this project,” Phillips concluded. “I didn’t expect to see the issue of natural resource exploitation be highlighted right in front of us like it did. It makes my project all the more relevant.”

—Todd McLeish
—Photos: Alex DeCiccio

 

 

 

 

Dramatic terrain on islands near Kavachi reflect what lies beneath the surface; steep cliffs, peaks and trenches are everywhere and make for a fantastic environment for exploration.
Villagers in this remote region rarely interact with scientists. In an effort to change this, Phillips and DeCiccio hastily prepared their results and delivered several presentations to local communities.
Some of the younger members of the community paying close attention to the presentation.